Mocking-모의 객체

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Bus Fake
Event Fake
Mail Fake
Notification Fake
Queue Fake
Storage Fake
파사드

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라라벨 애플리케이션을 테스팅할 때, 애플리케이션의 특정 부분을 "mock"하여 주어진 테스트가 진행될 때 실제로 실행되지 않도록 할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 이벤트를 발생시키는 컨트롤러를 테스트 할 때, 이벤트 리스너가 테스트 중에 실제로 실행되지 않도록 mock할 수 있습니다. 이렇게하면 여러분은 이벤트 리스너는 자체 테스트 케이스에서 테스트 할 수 있고, 따라서 이벤트 리스너가 실행될것에 대한 걱정을 하지 않고, 컨트롤러의 HTTP response-응답만 테스트할 수 있습니다.

라라벨은 기본적으로 이벤트, job 그리고 파사드에 대한 mock 헬퍼를 제공합니다. 이 헬퍼들은 주로 Mockery에서 작동하는 편리한 레이어를 제공하고 있기 때문에, 수동으로 복잡한 Mockery 메소드를 호출할 필요가 없습니다. 물론, 여러분의 고유한 mock 이나 spy 객체를 만드는데 자유롭게 Mockery나 PHPUnit을 사용할 수 있습니다.

Bus Fake

mocking하는 대신에, Bus 파사드의 fake 메소드를 사용하여 실제 job이 처리되는 것을 방지할 수 있습니다. fake를 사용하면, 테스트 대상 코드가 실행된 뒤에 검증이(assertions) 수행됩니다:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Jobs\ShipOrder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Bus;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Bus::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Bus::assertDispatched(ShipOrder::class, function ($job) use ($order) {
            return $job->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        // Assert a job was not dispatched...
        Bus::assertNotDispatched(AnotherJob::class);
    }
}

Event Fake

모든 이벤트 리스너가 실행되는걸 방지하기 위해서 mocking 을 사용하는 대신, Event 파사드의 fake 메소드를 사용할 수 있습니다. 여러분은 이벤트가 처리되었는지 확인하고 데이터가 수신되었는지에 대해서도 검사할 수 있습니다. fake를 사용하면, 테스트 대상 코드가 실행된 뒤에 검증이(assertions) 수행됩니다:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Events\OrderShipped;
use App\Events\OrderFailedToShip;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * Test order shipping.
     */
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Event::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Event::assertDispatched(OrderShipped::class, function ($e) use ($order) {
            return $e->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        Event::assertNotDispatched(OrderFailedToShip::class);
    }
}

Mail Fake

메일이 발송되는 것을 방지하기 위해서 Mail 파사드의 fake 메소드를 사용할 수 있습니다. 여러분은 mailable객체가 사용자에게 보내졌는지 확인하고 데이터가 수신되었는지에 대해서도 검사할 수 있습니다. fake를 사용하면, 테스트 대상 코드가 실행된 뒤에 검증이(assertions) 수행됩니다:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Mail\OrderShipped;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Mail::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class, function ($mail) use ($order) {
            return $mail->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        // Assert a message was sent to the given users...
        Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class, function ($mail) use ($user) {
            return $mail->hasTo($user->email) &&
                   $mail->hasCc('...') &&
                   $mail->hasBcc('...');
        });

        // Assert a mailable was sent twice...
        Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class, 2);

        // Assert a mailable was not sent...
        Mail::assertNotSent(AnotherMailable::class);
    }
}

백그라운드에서 메일을 보내기 위해서 queue를 사용했다면, assertSent 대신에 assertQueued 메소드를 사요해야 합니다:

Mail::assertQueued(...);
Mail::assertNotQueued(...);

Notification Fake

알림이 발송되는 것을 방지하기 위해서 Notification 파사드의 fake 메소드를 사용할 수 있습니다. 여러분은 알림-notification이 사용자에게 보내졌는지 확인하고 데이터가 수신되었는지에 대해서도 검사할 수 있습니다. fake를 사용하면, 테스트 대상 코드가 실행된 뒤에 검증이(assertions) 수행됩니다:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Notifications\OrderShipped;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Notification::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Notification::assertSentTo(
            $user,
            OrderShipped::class,
            function ($notification, $channels) use ($order) {
                return $notification->order->id === $order->id;
            }
        );

        // Assert a notification was sent to the given users...
        Notification::assertSentTo(
            [$user], OrderShipped::class
        );

        // Assert a notification was not sent...
        Notification::assertNotSentTo(
            [$user], AnotherNotification::class
        );
    }
}

Queue Fake

큐를 통해서 job이 실행되는 것을 방지하기 위해서 mocking 을 사용하는 대신, Queue 파사드의 fake 메소드를 사용할 수 있습니다. 여러분은 job이 큐에 추가되었는지 확인하고 데이터가 수신되었는지에 대해서도 검사할 수 있습니다. fake를 사용하면, 테스트 대상 코드가 실행된 뒤에 검증이(assertions) 수행됩니다:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Jobs\ShipOrder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Queue::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Queue::assertPushed(ShipOrder::class, function ($job) use ($order) {
            return $job->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        // Assert a job was pushed to a given queue...
        Queue::assertPushedOn('queue-name', ShipOrder::class);

        // Assert a job was pushed twice...
        Queue::assertPushed(ShipOrder::class, 2);

        // Assert a job was not pushed...
        Queue::assertNotPushed(AnotherJob::class);
    }
}

Storage Fake

Storage 파사드의 fake 메소드를 사용하면 UploadedFile 클래스의 파일 생성과 결합된 가짜 디스크를 생성할 수 있어, 파일 업로드 테스트가 아주 쉬워집니다. 예를 들면:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testAvatarUpload()
    {
        Storage::fake('avatars');

        $response = $this->json('POST', '/avatar', [
            'avatar' => UploadedFile::fake()->image('avatar.jpg')
        ]);

        // Assert the file was stored...
        Storage::disk('avatars')->assertExists('avatar.jpg');

        // Assert a file does not exist...
        Storage::disk('avatars')->assertMissing('missing.jpg');
    }
}

{tip} 기본적으로, fake 메소드는 임시 디렉토리에 있는 모든 파일 삭제합니다. 이 파일들을 유지하고자 한다면, 대신 "persistentFake" 메소드를 사용하십시오.

파사드

전통적인 스태틱 메소드의 호출과 다르게, 파사드는 mock이 가능합니다. 이는 이전의 전통적인 스태틱 메소드와 대비해 훨씬 큰 이점을 제공하며 의존성 주입을 사용하는 경우와 동일한 테스트 가능성을 가질 수 있습니다. 테스트를 수행할 때 곧잘 컨트롤러 안에서의 파사드를 호출을 mock하고 싶을 것입니다. 예를 들어 다음의 컨트롤러 액션을 살펴보겠습니다:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Show a list of all users of the application.
     *
     * @return Response
     */
    public function index()
    {
        $value = Cache::get('key');

        //
    }
}

Mockery mock을 돌려주는 인스턴스를 반환하는 shouldReceive 메소드를 사용하여 Cache 파사드 호출을 mock 할 수 있습니다. 파사드는 실제로 라라벨의 서비스 프로바이더에 의해서 의존성이 해결되기 때문에, 일반적인 스태틱 클래스보다 테스트가 용이합니다.

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class UserControllerTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testGetIndex()
    {
        Cache::shouldReceive('get')
                    ->once()
                    ->with('key')
                    ->andReturn('value');

        $response = $this->get('/users');

        // ...
    }
}

{note} 여러분은 Request 파사드를 mock 해서는 안됩니다. 대신에, 테스트를 실행할 때 여러분이 원하는 입력을 get 과 post 와 같은 HTTP 헬퍼 메소드에 전달하십시오. 마찬가지로, Config 파사드를 mocking 하는 대신에, 테스트에서 Config::set 메소드를 호출하십시오.

Mocking

Introduction
Bus Fake
Event Fake
Mail Fake
Notification Fake
Queue Fake
Storage Fake
Facades

Introduction

When testing Laravel applications, you may wish to "mock" certain aspects of your application so they are not actually executed during a given test. For example, when testing a controller that dispatches an event, you may wish to mock the event listeners so they are not actually executed during the test. This allows you to only test the controller's HTTP response without worrying about the execution of the event listeners, since the event listeners can be tested in their own test case.

Laravel provides helpers for mocking events, jobs, and facades out of the box. These helpers primarily provide a convenience layer over Mockery so you do not have to manually make complicated Mockery method calls. Of course, you are free to use Mockery or PHPUnit to create your own mocks or spies.

Bus Fake

As an alternative to mocking, you may use the Bus facade's fake method to prevent jobs from being dispatched. When using fakes, assertions are made after the code under test is executed:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Jobs\ShipOrder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Bus;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Bus::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Bus::assertDispatched(ShipOrder::class, function ($job) use ($order) {
            return $job->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        // Assert a job was not dispatched...
        Bus::assertNotDispatched(AnotherJob::class);
    }
}

Event Fake

As an alternative to mocking, you may use the Event facade's fake method to prevent all event listeners from executing. You may then assert that events were dispatched and even inspect the data they received. When using fakes, assertions are made after the code under test is executed:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Events\OrderShipped;
use App\Events\OrderFailedToShip;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * Test order shipping.
     */
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Event::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Event::assertDispatched(OrderShipped::class, function ($e) use ($order) {
            return $e->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        Event::assertNotDispatched(OrderFailedToShip::class);
    }
}

Mail Fake

You may use the Mail facade's fake method to prevent mail from being sent. You may then assert that mailables were sent to users and even inspect the data they received. When using fakes, assertions are made after the code under test is executed:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Mail\OrderShipped;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Mail::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class, function ($mail) use ($order) {
            return $mail->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        // Assert a message was sent to the given users...
        Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class, function ($mail) use ($user) {
            return $mail->hasTo($user->email) &&
                   $mail->hasCc('...') &&
                   $mail->hasBcc('...');
        });

        // Assert a mailable was sent twice...
        Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class, 2);

        // Assert a mailable was not sent...
        Mail::assertNotSent(AnotherMailable::class);
    }
}

If you are queueing mailables for delivery in the background, you should use the assertQueued method instead of assertSent:

Mail::assertQueued(...);
Mail::assertNotQueued(...);

Notification Fake

You may use the Notification facade's fake method to prevent notifications from being sent. You may then assert that notifications were sent to users and even inspect the data they received. When using fakes, assertions are made after the code under test is executed:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Notifications\OrderShipped;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Notification::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Notification::assertSentTo(
            $user,
            OrderShipped::class,
            function ($notification, $channels) use ($order) {
                return $notification->order->id === $order->id;
            }
        );

        // Assert a notification was sent to the given users...
        Notification::assertSentTo(
            [$user], OrderShipped::class
        );

        // Assert a notification was not sent...
        Notification::assertNotSentTo(
            [$user], AnotherNotification::class
        );
    }
}

Queue Fake

As an alternative to mocking, you may use the Queue facade's fake method to prevent jobs from being queued. You may then assert that jobs were pushed to the queue and even inspect the data they received. When using fakes, assertions are made after the code under test is executed:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Jobs\ShipOrder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testOrderShipping()
    {
        Queue::fake();

        // Perform order shipping...

        Queue::assertPushed(ShipOrder::class, function ($job) use ($order) {
            return $job->order->id === $order->id;
        });

        // Assert a job was pushed to a given queue...
        Queue::assertPushedOn('queue-name', ShipOrder::class);

        // Assert a job was pushed twice...
        Queue::assertPushed(ShipOrder::class, 2);

        // Assert a job was not pushed...
        Queue::assertNotPushed(AnotherJob::class);
    }
}

Storage Fake

The Storage facade's fake method allows you to easily generate a fake disk that, combined with the file generation utilities of the UploadedFile class, greatly simplifies the testing of file uploads. For example:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testAvatarUpload()
    {
        Storage::fake('avatars');

        $response = $this->json('POST', '/avatar', [
            'avatar' => UploadedFile::fake()->image('avatar.jpg')
        ]);

        // Assert the file was stored...
        Storage::disk('avatars')->assertExists('avatar.jpg');

        // Assert a file does not exist...
        Storage::disk('avatars')->assertMissing('missing.jpg');
    }
}

{tip} By default, the fake method will delete all files in its temporary directory. If you would like to keep these files, you may use the "persistentFake" method instead.

Facades

Unlike traditional static method calls, facades may be mocked. This provides a great advantage over traditional static methods and grants you the same testability you would have if you were using dependency injection. When testing, you may often want to mock a call to a Laravel facade in one of your controllers. For example, consider the following controller action:

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Show a list of all users of the application.
     *
     * @return Response
     */
    public function index()
    {
        $value = Cache::get('key');

        //
    }
}

We can mock the call to the Cache facade by using the shouldReceive method, which will return an instance of a Mockery mock. Since facades are actually resolved and managed by the Laravel service container, they have much more testability than a typical static class. For example, let's mock our call to the Cache facade's get method:

<?php

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware;

class UserControllerTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testGetIndex()
    {
        Cache::shouldReceive('get')
                    ->once()
                    ->with('key')
                    ->andReturn('value');

        $response = $this->get('/users');

        // ...
    }
}

{note} You should not mock the Request facade. Instead, pass the input you desire into the HTTP helper methods such as get and post when running your test. Likewise, instead of mocking the Config facade, call the Config::set method in your tests.

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